BFEM YEAR 1 SEMESTER 2

Introduction: 

Silviculture is the art and science of raising and tending trees or the theory and practice of forest establishment ,competition ,structure and growth. A forest is a complex and dynamic community in which trees grow and develop from seedlings through maturity.A number of physical and biological factors influence the growth and development of forests and must be understood  in order to practice good forestry.  For good forestry management,one must identify the tree species of one's woodlot,how they grow and how growth can be influenced .A tree is made up of roots,a trunk or stem and a crown. Each of these parts plays an important role in the tree's growth and development. Roots ,stem and branches lengthen and thicken as the tree grows. Silivicultural treatments can influence the amount and rate of these changes. In management planning and implementation of silvicultural treatments , a forest is divided into units called  stands which are groups of trees that show enough similarities in species , age, height and density to form obvious separate units.The existence of the  major physical and biological factors that include climate , soils,location and the  silvics, stand features,damaging plus  site capability respectively must be appreciated in order to understand the reason behind good sivilcultural practices.